Caddo Bossier Parishes Flood Case Study - 3081 Words

Caddo-Bossier Parishes Flooding Case Study Randa Head Embry-Riddle Abstract The Caddo-Bossier Parishes have been hit by a flood in recent months that left thousands of residents in a state of distress. While this did not cause large numbers of fatalities, it does bring up the concern if the area would be ready for such a large crisis. During Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the state and country showed how unprepared they were for the aftermath of a natural disaster that left thousands dead. In an instance that this occurred again, it is vital we have educated the population and learned how to react. This case study is covering the mitigation, the preparedness, response and recovery in the case of another flood hitting the area. Caddo-Bossier Parishes Flooding Case Study Flooding has been a major concern in the area of Caddo-Bossier Parishes, especially in the last month where the Red River crested at close to 37 feet on 11 June. This caused the shutdown of major highways, moved people out of their homes, and the Governor of Louisiana, Bobby Jindal, declaring a state of emergency. This has been the highest the river has been in 70 years and is going to have a lasting effect on the 450,000 people that live in this area. (Jones, 2015). The Red River in the Shreveport area has crested 16 times since the major flood of 1945, when the river raised to 38.30 feet. In the last 15 years, the area has seen the river crest a total of 4 times (National Weather Service, 2015). During the

A Dependency on Alcohol - 1884 Words

The clutches that alcohol has on those dependent on it can make quitting from it very difficult and, at times, almost impossible. Some people are able to have one or two drinks and stop, and then there are those that do not know when to stop or who must drink on a regular basis. It is common for people to drink at social functions or with meals, but getting together with friends or family does not mean that alcoholic drinks need to be served to have a good time. When someone used to drink one or two drinks and be able to stop, now that same person has to have alcoholic drinks earlier in the day and more frequently than usual, he or she would be considered an alcoholic. Anyone drinking what seems to be excessive at first, but seeming to be†¦show more content†¦If the loss of a job occurs, it might become hard to find a new one because of background check history from the job. Alcohol always slows down your reaction time in the brain and cuts down tension so that the person drinking feels more relaxed. Drinkers who take in a large amount of alcohol could become more aggressive and have their judgment flawed. Walking becomes harder and coordination is difficult. It is said that heredity plays a role in becoming an alcoholic and that the tendency inclines to become addicted to a substance and can be handed down in the body’s chemistry. A person whose life is controlled by alcohol may become very depressed. Their health gets worse because of the abuse or they lose their job due to not being able to perform it well enough. The failure to stop drinking adds to the feeling of helplessness to escape their situations. (On Page 209 in the book) â€Å"The Glass Castle† by Jeanette Walls Her father Rex said, â€Å"Hon, I need some money.† Jeannette would have gladly given him the money, but it was for cigs and beer. This made Jeannette feel like he had no regard for her what so ever. Rex did not care enough to find his own way of getting money for his addictions, let alone provide food for his family. Jeannette agreed to give him the money, and he agreed to pay her back, but when he wanted to pay her back, Jeannette was staring to realize how sickening her father really is, this comes to show how alcohol really can jeopardize yourShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Dependency Essay2577 Words   |  11 PagesAlcohol Dependency Dependence is defined as a cluster of three or more existing criteria according to the DSM-IV for alcohol dependency over a period of 12 months. According to Riley, substance abuse is commonly referred to as an addiction. These terms are often used interchangeably. Dependency occurs over time and is usually taken in excessive quantities causing harm to the individual (Riley, 1998). There is no known cause for alcohol dependency. However, there are contributing factorsRead MoreAlcohol Dependency And Its Effects On The Community1372 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol dependency has grown to be stigma in the community which is responsible for growing problems into the world. It can also remain defined a deep-rooted disease of the brain which might also bear the damaging outcomes on brain as addiction fluctuate the working pattern of human brain that can be for long period. It is even hard for a person after circulate the addiction on alcohol dependency as soon as that is attached per a substance. Moreover, human beings use alcohol to keep away themselvesRead MoreFamily History And The Aetiology Of Alcohol Dependency Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesplays a strong role in the aetiology of alcohol dependency. There is no denying a strong intergenerational link. It is a general consensus that this can be partially explain 40-60% by genetic vulnerability (Sher, Grekin, Williams, 2005) but family sys tems theory focuses on explaining the other 40-60% of potential environmental causes embedded in the family system. Parental substance use leads to poor family relationships and parenting practices. With an alcohol dependent parent in the family thereRead MoreAlcohol Dependency Among Native Americans1658 Words   |  7 PagesLike junk food, the health and social problems associated with alcohol dependency among Native communities can also be traced back to the actions of European immigrants. Western movies pushed the unflattering stereotype of the â€Å"drunken Indian† onto a mainstream audience throughout the twentieth-century, yet Hollywood was less forthcoming in documenting the fact that before colonisation, alcohol was non-existent within all but a small minority of Native groups located in the American Southwest, whereRead MoreCharacteristics Of Alcoholic Parents And How Alcohol Dependency May Influences Their Children s Well Being1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthat suffer from alcoholism can affect many aspects of a child’s well-being. The consumption of alcohol can alter a person’s thought process and decision making. When a parent has a dependency on alcohol, it affects the decision making not only in their life, but the life of their child’s. An addiction to alcoholism can change the parent’s parenting style in the moment of consumption and in between alcohol consumption, whiles they are sober. 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On average, the individuals in the sample worked a low amount of hours a week (M = 11.31, SD = 14.9) and had a moderately low dependency on alcohol (M = 31.11, SD = 14.26). In addition, the confidence intervals looking at the amount of hours worked per week indicated that the participants continuedRead MoreDrug Dependency Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is dependency? The dictionary definition of dependency is â€Å"The state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else.† Meaning that drug dependency is when a person relies on a drug to function normally. The same may happen with alcohol. Recent research has shown that drug and alcohol dependency has been steadily increasing. Most theorize that it is the result of stress and peer pressure. 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According to Kunyk (2013), â€Å"healthcare professionals, including nurses, are also potentially vulnerable to substance use disorders regardless of any special knowledge, skills or insights they might have owing to their education and professional experiences† (p. 54). This paper will define what chemical dependency is, report causes of chemical dependency in nurses, describe behaviors associated

Decision-Making Model Analysis Essay example - 804 Words

Decision-Making Model Analysis Decisions! Decisions! Decisions! How do you make decisions? Have you ever asked yourself, â€Å"How did I make that decision?† Whether big or small, important or not so important, decision making is a process. Some people way the pros and cons while others may just flip a coin. Are decisions based on feelings, outcomes or information? Often times if we just go with our gut feeling will be miss out on important information that should be included in our decision. Decision-making can be a cognitive process of selecting a course of action form various options. Some of us are logical. Some of us are risk taking. Either way such characteristics play a role in our decisions. In my experience decision-making can†¦show more content†¦Step One is to identify the decision to be made. In my case, the decision was whether to take a new job opportunity or remain in my existing position. Step Two is to do a self assessment. At this point, I began to consider my needs and wants. Would the new opportunity really be something I would enjoy? Would it be challenging? This particular new opportunity was an office position. I am accustomed to working in the field. So I had to ask myself how will I adapt to the everyday office environment. Step Three is to identify the options. I began to gather information about other potential opportunities that may soon be an option. Should I settle for this opportunity or what for one more suitable for me, is a question I proposed to myself. Step Four is to gather information and data. I reviewed the salary potential of the job opportunity. I considered the current salary and potential future salary increase. Step Five is to evaluate options that will solve the problem. In trying to make my decision, I listed the pros and cons. I thought about the potential disadvantages of leaving my current position. Step Six is to select on of the options. At this point, Roberts believes you should have enough information to choose an option. In my decision, I had all the information I needed to make my decision. While, the new opportunity offered a higher salary, the responsibilities where not tasks of interest. Step Seven is to design a course of action toShow MoreRelatedDecision-Making Model Analysis: 7-Step Decision-Making Model Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesDecision-Making Model Analysis: 7-Step Decision-Making Process Decision making is defined as the cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives (Decision Making, 2006, para. 1). Decisions are made continually throughout our day. For the most part, our decision-making processes are either sub-conscious or made fairly quickly due to the nature of the decision before us. 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Bat University Of Phoenix Critical Thinking: Strategies in Decision-Making MGT350 Daryl Korinek Jan 06, 2006 Decision-Making Model Analysis Paper Introduction In order to master critical thinking, the ability to question information and solve problems must be present. The crucial steps that lead to successful decision-making is not based solely on our skills and abilities, but on the strategies that help us get there. 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Lack of Bioequivalence Between Disulfiram Formulations free essay sample

Lack of bioequivalence between disulfiram formulations Exemplified by a tablet/effervescent tablet study Andersen, M. P. Lack of bioequivalence between disulfiram formulations. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992: 86: 31-35. M. P. Andersen Pharmacokinetic Laboratory AIS Dumex (Dumex Ltd. ), DK-2300 Copenhagen Abstract A comparison of the bioavailability of disulfiram (DSF) after administration of non-effervescent Antabusea tablets (CP Pharmaceuticals, UK) and [emailprotected] tablets [emailprotected](A/S Dumex, DK) has been made in two cross-over studies. The first study included 6 volunteers who were given 400 mg DSF after an overnight fast. The bioavailability of DSF after administration of noneffervescent was found to be only 27 Vo of that achieved with effervescent tablets. The second study included 24 volunteers who were given 800 mg DSF after a light standardized meal. The relative bioavailability of DSF after administration of non-effervescent compared with effervescent tablets was found to be only 34 Yo. In addition to the difference in bioavailability of DSF after administration of the two preparations, a considerable difference was seen between the two studies. A light meal seems both to increase the bioavailability of DSF and to reduce the interindividual variation. A two to threefold increase in the bioavailability of DSF was found. Thus, the bioavailability of DSF appears to depend o n both the formulation (preparation) and the mode of administration. A lack of bioequivalence between the two investigated DSF preparations was found. Keywords: Disulfiram, methyldiethyldithiocarbamate, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics Introduction Although Disulfiram (DSF) has been used in the treatment of alcoholism for many years [l], its pharmacokinetics, including bioavailability and metabolism, are not very well known. Recent years have seen the introduction of better analytical equipment and some light has been shed on the metabolism of I X F , but new metabolites are still being discovered. The bioavailability of DSF is, however, difficult to measure, partly because DSF cannot be administered intravenously owing to its insolubility in aqueous media, and partly because, after absorption it almost immediately cleaves to its monomer, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) [2,3,4],which is again further metabolised. Thus, DSF is not detectable in plasma after a single administration, only after repeated administrations [5]. The bioavailability of DSF in humans has been studied with radioactive labelled DSF (I4Cor 3sS)[ 1,6, 7, 81. Faeces were collected for at least 72 hours after administration and the radioactivity was measured. Bioavailability was found to be 80-90 Yo, i. e. almost complete. This method has the disadvantage that measurement of the radioactivity is non-selective, and decomposition of DSF before absorption is not taken into account. For comparison of the bioavailability of a particular drug substance in various preparations, measurement of a metabolite in plasma is often a useful indicator of the relative bioavailability. DSF cleaves to its monomer DDC, which is further metabolised to methyl diethyldithiocarbamate (Me-DDC) [2, 9, 10, 111. Me-DDC is stable in plasma, it is produced in measurable amounts, and it has a â€Å"suitable† plasma half-life (tm = 6. 3 hours) [lo]. The serum concentration of MeDDC is thus considered a usable measurement of the relative bioavailability of DSF in the comparison of different preparations. The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of DSF after oral administration of [emailprotected] tablets (produced by CP Pharmaceuticals, UK) and [emailprotected] effervescent tablets (produced by A/S Dumex, DK). Materials and methods A pilot study was performed before the main study. Both studies were carried out in a randomised cross- 31 M. P. Andersen j , ii i Figure I: Mean serum concentrations of the DSF metabolite Me-DDC as a function of time after oral administration of [emailprotected] tablets and [emailprotected] 2 x 200 mg. (n = 6) Figure 2. Mean serum concentrations of the DSF metabolite Me-DDC as a function of time, after administration of 2 x 400 mg DSF as Antabus effervescent tablets and 4 x 200 mg DSF as [emailprotected] (n = 24) Lack of bioequivalence between disulfiram formulations ver design with volunteers. The two trial days were separated by a one-week wash-out period. Blood samples were taken from the volunteers according to the following schedule: Before administration, at 15,30,45,60,90, 120, and 150 minutes, and at 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours. Serum samples were assayed for Me-DDC by a specific liquid chromatographic method [ 121. The limit of quantitation was 5 ng/ml. before and, apart from the light meal, until 4 hours after administration. Twenty-four volunteers were entered in the study (14 men and 10 women; mean age 24 4 years). Results of the main study Mean serum concentrations of Me-DDC as a function of time are shown in Fig. 2. The t,, C,,,, AUC? , and AUC; are given in Table I. C,,, is the maximum Me-DDC serum concentration, and t,,, is the time at which it occurs. The half-life (t,,z) of Me-DDC in serum is calculated on the serum concentrations of Me-DDC in the elimination phase (8-24 hours) by single logarithmic regression. AUC? is the area under the serum concentration time curve calculated by the trapezoidal rule. AUC; is found by adding AUCi4 and AUC; , where AUC; is calculated on the tl,z and the serum concentration of Me-DDC at 24 hours as estimated by linear regression. The relative bioavailability of Me-DDC AUC; (tabl) F,,, = * 100% AUC; (eff. tabl) after administration of the two preparations is shown in Table I. An analysis of variance on C,,,, t,,, and AUC; was done with the main effects, SUBJECT within SEQUENCE (order of treatments), SEQUENCE, PERIOD and TREATMENT. The results are listed in Table 11. No statistically significant difference was found in the t,,, (p = 0. 96), whereas there was a statistically significant difference in the C,,, (p 0. 0001) and the AUC; (p